Francis Sumner s Father Of Black Psychology Essay

Francis Sumner When spoken of, Francis Cecil Sumner is considered the ‘First’. Sumner was the first African American male psychologist; he was called Father of Black Psychology. Despite the odds Francis Sumner faced, he did what many felt was impossible to do. Sumner not only did the unthinkable, but he proved that no matter whom you are, what you are, or where you come from you decide your destiny. Sumner is known to many as the ‘Father of Black Psychology’. Sumner was born in a segregated community, didn’t have an education pass junior high, and was looked down upon because he was black. Francis Cecil Sumner was born on December 7, 1985 in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Too many Sumner was known as the ‘Father of Black Psychologist’ because he was the first black male to receive his doctoral in psychology. Sumner completed this degree at Clark University at Massachusetts in the year of 1920. A committed scholar regarding psychology, languages, and religion, Fr ancis assisted with bettering education opportunities for African Americans for the reason that he was colored† (â€Å"Francis Cecil Sumner†). As a child Sumner attended elementary school and three different States Plainfield, New Jersey; Washington, D.C.; and Norfolk, Virginia. Sumner’s father was unappeased with the caliber of prep school offered to African youth in the restricted schools available to coloreds (Francis Sumner, Max Meenes). Sumner’s father who was self-educated decided to home-school his son from elementary upShow MoreRelatedEdward Cecil Sumner : Father Of Black Psychology1241 Words   |  5 Pageshen spoken of, Francis Cecil Sumner is considered the ‘First’. Sumner was the first African American male psychologist, he was called Father of Black Psychology. Despite the odds Francis Sumner faced, he did what many felt was impossible to do. Sumner not only did the unthinkable, but he proved that no matter who you are, what you are, or where you come from you decide your destiny. Sumner is known to many as the ‘Father of Black Psychology’. Sumner was born in a segregated community, didn’t haveRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Spirituality and Religion Essay - 2261 Words

Introduction on Religion Religion is an important aspect on studies of early mental health practice. Religion is important to as many as 75% of the population, more profound and relevant with people over 65 years of age and older (Richards and Bergin, 1997). Religion plays a pivotal role on older adults, it becomes part of their identity and personality (Koenig, Siegler George, 1989). According to Koenig (1989), religion incorporates people’s rituals, beliefs, and practices pertaining to the â€Å"transcendent.† Which means, these beliefs relates to the supernatural and mystical elements of the world (Koenig, Siegler George, 1989). Religion is always practiced within a community, group, or cult. Religion is often organized and it†¦show more content†¦You don’t have to follow guidelines, rules and regulations to live your life, the way you want to live it. Variations of Religion Study A thorough research study composed by Walker et al, within this study he followed a compare and contrast method with senior residents. The staff was comprised from different religious organizations and from 13 facilities, in which long-term care was provided. A survey was conducted with this researcher. The first group that Walker et al focused on was understanding religion from the Jewish perception. The Jewish residents all belonged to the same synagogue, in which the survey was conducted. The first task given was to identify 35 words that incorporates what Judaism personally means to each person. The five religious words that were repeated in the study were: Torah, heritage, social activism, Ten Commandments, and belief in one God. The Jewish residents defined spirituality as a deep connection with God. The five religious words that were repeated in the study for spirituality were: connection with God, appreciating other beliefs, understanding foundation of the afterlife, and medi tation (Walker et al. August Spirituality and the Elderly: Survey of Staff and Residents From Long-Term Care Facilities, 1998). The second group Walker et al focused on was Christianity with Christian residents all above the age of 65. These residents were told to come up withShow MoreRelatedReligion, Religion And Spirituality1545 Words   |  7 PagesFor many people, religion and spirituality plays a huge part of their life. In other people, religion and spirituality is not a part of their life at all. In gothic literature, religion and spirituality are usually either very present in a work, or not present at all. In some cases, the lack of religion and spirituality affect the outcome of the story. In other cases, the character’s immense beliefs in religion and spirituality can also drastically affect the outcome of the story. In the movie, TheRead MoreSpirituality Reflection On Religion And Spirituality Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesSpirituality Reflection Religion and spirituality are two subjects that many are unable to make a differentiation between. Religion is an institutionalization created by man, while spirituality is an expression or belief that an individual is born with. I did not grow up in a religious household; however, my family has always had spirituality formed around love. I came to know God and his word at a very young age, but the Bible was never a topic that I could rationalize or understand as more thanRead MoreThe Issue Of Religion And Spirituality966 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will research the issue whether religion and spirituality can positively affect health. It will explain the differences between religion and spirituality and will research the religion importance in human life as religion or spirituality have a lifestyle for many individuals. Historically religion and spirituality have been seen primitive. People have believed to higher powers as sun, water, air etc. Around the world there are different religions such as Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, ChristianityRead MoreWhy Religion And Spirituality?1160 Words   |  5 PagesTheme One: Why religion and spirituality? The first theme that I have identified as significant in my spiritual journey is ‘Why religion and spirituality?’ To me this theme encompasses and seeks to illuminate the burning desire that human beings have to find answers to questions that give meaning to their life. The main premise of Mackay’s book is about the people’s desire for a life of meaning, be that with, or without the traditional institutionalized idea of God. In the first chapter Mackay discussesRead MoreSpirituality and Religion Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages307). One component of the Neuman Systems Model is spirituality, which is described as being related to beliefs and influences that are spiritual. It should be noted that this was absent in her initial conceptualization and was developed later (Meleis, 2007, p.307). While utilizing the Neuman framework for client assessment, religion is often applied as a spiritual factor. Using this theory as basis one might conclude that religio n and spirituality are synonymous in concept. This begs the question:Read MoreThe Theory Of Religion And Spirituality1481 Words   |  6 PagesA Gallup poll indicated that religion is a â€Å"very important† part of the lives of approximately 67% of the American public, of whom 96% believe in God and 42% attend religious services regularly (Powell, Shahabi, Thoresen, 2003). People join religious institutions and follow spiritual paths for a variety of reasons, such as faith, prayer, social support, cultural traditions, commitment to the community, and more. The role of religion in people’s lives is dramatic and research on the topic has mirroredRead MoreReligion And Spirituality And Its Influences903 Words   |  4 PagesReligion/Spirituality and its Influences Psychologists are professionals with a responsibility to provide the best care possible to the individuals that need their assistance. This is why it is mandatory to continue training and education, to remain current in the knowledge of treatment methods to ensure the optimal quality of services provided (Fisher, 2013). With that said, psychologists ponder whether religion and spirituality should be integrated into methods of therapy and if so, what typesRead MoreSpirituality, Religion And Schizophrenia Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesSpirituality, Religion and schizophrenia Often psychiatrist treat patients with schizophrenia disorders who are religious or have some form of spirituality. The focus of the psychiatric care has been shifted from treating mental illness to caring for people who manage their own mental illness. Therefore, it is necessary to include an emphasis on the spirituality and religiousness of those with chronic mental illness and the role that it plays in their care. Spirituality and religiousness has beenRead MoreWhat Is Spirituality Or Religion?1265 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is spirituality? And is it only related to religion? It is hard to answer these questions as there are a lot of definitions of spirituality and what is it related to. For some people, spirituality has no meaning outside the circle of the religion. On the other hand, some people say that spirituality can exist inside the religion and also outside the religion. People should stop relating spirituality to only religion. Instead, people should know the true meaning of spirituality outsideRead MoreThe Existence Of Religion And Spirituality Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pageseventually morphed into the humans we are today, the world was also introduced to spirituality. Since the times humans first coexisted with others there was a form of belief and religion. The surprising fact is, religion and spirituality first took form in the shape and embodiment of a female. The Goddess was the first physical presentation of an otherworldly being and was in place for longer than we ve had our current religion. The surviving art documents and ideological evolution in human consciousness:

A Brief History Of The Internet Origins Free Essays

By default, any definitive history of the Internet must be short, since the Internet (in one form or another) has only been in existence for less than 30 years. The first iteration of the Internet was launched in 1971 with a public showing in early 1972. This first network, known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was very primitive by today’s standards, but a milestone in computer communications. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief History Of The Internet Origins or any similar topic only for you Order Now ARPANET was based upon the design concepts of Larry Roberts (MIT) and was fleshed out at the first ACM symposium, held in Gaithersburg, TN in 1966, although RFPs weren’t sent out until mid 1968. The Department of Defense in 1969 commissioned ARPANET, and the first node was created at the University of California in Los Angeles, running on a Honeywell DDP-516 mini-computer. The second node was established at Stanford University and launched on October first of the same year. On November 1, 1969, the third node was located at the University of California, Santa Barbara and the fourth was opened at the University of Utah in December. By 1971 15 nodes were linked including BBN, CMU, CWRU, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, MIT, NASA/Ames, RAND, SDC, SRI and UIU(C). In that same year, Larry Roberts created the first email management program. As a side note, Ray Tomlinson is the person who established the â€Å"@† sign as a domain/host designator from his Model 33 Teletype. The first international connection to ARPANET is established when the University College of London is connected in 1973, and RFC-454 â€Å"File Transfer Protocol† was published. 1973 was also the year that Dr. Robert Metcalf’s doctoral thesis outlined the specifications for Ethernet. The theory was tested on Xerox PARCs computers. 974 saw the launch of TELNET public packet data service. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol) was developed at ATT Bell Labs in 1976, and distributed with UNIX the following year. 1978 saw the split of TCP into TCP and IP. In 1979 the first MUD (Multi-User Domain) was created by Dr. Richard Bartle and Roy Trubshaw from the University of Essex, and was the foundation for multi-player games (among other things). This event marked the gradual decline of productivity over the Internet. In 1981 a cooperative network between CUNY (City University of New York) and Yale was established. This network was called BITNET (Because It’s There NETwork) and was designed to provide electronic mail transfer and list serve services between the two institutions. RFC-801 â€Å"NCP/TCP Transition Plan† was published that same year. It was because of the growing interconnectivity of new networks that the phrase â€Å"Internet† was coined in 1982, and the Department of Defense also declared TCP/IP to be its defacto standard. The first name server was developed in 1983 at the University of Wisconsin, allowing users to access systems without having to know the exact path to the server. 1983 also saw the transition from NCP to TCP/IP, and it was at this same time that ARPANET was split into ARPANET and MILNET. 68 of the current 113 existing nodes were assigned to MILNET. It was also in 1983 that a San Francisco programmer, Tom Jennings wrote the first FidoNet Bulletin Board System, which was capable of allowing both email and message passing over the Internet between networked BBSs by 1988. In 1984, the number of hosts on the Internet broke 1000, and DNS (Domain Name Services) was introduced. Moderated newsgroups also made their first appearance this year, although it would be almost a year and a half before NNTP (Network New Transfer Protocol) would be introduced. In 1985, the WELL (Whole Earth ‘Lectronic Link) was launched out of Sausalito California, allowing San Francisco Bay Area users free access to the Internet. The Internet had grown so fast, and to such large proportions by this time that some control was needed to oversee its expansion, so in 1986, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) came into existence under the IAB. 1988 Saw the advent of IRC (Internet Relay Chat), developed by Jarkko Oikarinen, and it can be safely assumed that the first â€Å"Hot Chat† took place very shortly afterwards. By 1989 the number of Internet hosts had capped 100,000, and the first commercial Internet mail service was created by MCI. In 1990, ARPANET was finally closed down and ceased to exist. Two other notable events this year include the release of ARCHIE by Peter Deutsch, Alan Emtage, and Bill Heelan at McGill, and the first remotely controlled machine to be linked to the Internet; a toaster (controlled by SNMP). 1991 was the year what WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers), was released by Brewster Kahle, of Thinking Machines Corporation; Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill released Gopher from the University of Minnesota, and most notably, World-Wide Web was released by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN. By 1992 the number of hosts on the Internet had exceeded 1,000,000 and the first MBONE audio multicast was made. In 1993 InternNIC was created by, the National Science Foundation (NSF). InterNIC provided a centralized organization for domain name registration, and continues to regulate that function today. As the great, unwashed hordes began to flood into the Internet, it was only natural that vendors would soon follow. So in 1995, the first Internet based â€Å"shopping mall† was opened on the World Wide Web. It was also in this year that the World Wide Web edged out FTP as the most popular service on the Internet. In 1995, Compuserve, America Online and Prodigy opened up Internet access portals, and hundreds of thousands of commercial users flooded into what had previously been the private domain of veteran computer users. The average IQ dropped dramatically at this point. Since 1995, some of the new and/or emerging technologies have included Server Push, Multicasting, Streaming Media, E-Commerce, ASP and XML. Although the Internet started out of military necessity, it is doubtful that its creators could envision its impact, not only on the American culture or the world in general, but on the future of the human race. The Internet will continue to grow and evolve in the years to come, becoming an indispensable channel of communication and a catalyst for human evolution. How to cite A Brief History Of The Internet Origins, Essay examples

Anne Frank review Essay Example For Students

Anne Frank review Essay On the Deportations Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treatiang them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which theyre sending all the Jews. If its that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them? We assume that most of them are being murdered. The English radio says theyre being gassed.October 9, 1942 On Her Old Country, Germany Fine specimens of humanity, those Germanns, and to think Im actually one of them! No, thats not true, Hitler took away our nationality long ago. And besides, there are no greater enemies on earth than the Germans and Jews.October 9, 1942 On Nazi Punishment of Resisters Have you ever heard the term hostages? Thats the latest punishment for saboteurs. Its the most horrible thing you can imagine. Leading citizensinnocent peopleare taken prisoner to await their execution. If the Gestapo cant find the saboteur, they simply grab five hostages and line them up against the wall. You read the announcements of their death in the paper, where theyre referred to as fatal accidents.'October 9, 1942 All college students are being asked to sign an official statement to the effect that they sympathize with the Germans and approve of the New Order. Eighty percent have decided to obay the dictates of their conscience, but the penalty will be severe. Any student refusing to sign will be sent to a German labor camp. May 18, 1943 Here is were the story begins On June 12, 1942, Anne Franks parents gave her a small red-and-white plaid diary for her thirteenth birthday. Anne recorded her innermost feelings in her diary, which she named Kitty. Less than a month after receiving her diary, on July 6, 1942, Anne and her family were forced to go into hiding. Though they could bring very few things with them to the hiding place, Anne brought her diary. During the months Anne lived in hiding, her diary became her best friend and confidant. In hiding, Anne continued to write in her diary nearly every day. She wrote about her life with the seven other people in hidingher parents, her sister, the van Pels family (called the van Daan family by Anne), and Fritz Pfeffer (called Alfred Dussel by Anne), as well as the war going on around her, and her hopes for the future. When she filled up her original diary, Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, two of the familys helpers,brought her ledgers and loose sheets of paper to continue writing. She kept these in a briefcase that belonged to her father. In 1944, the Dutch government, which had been in exile in London for most of the occupation,broadcast a request over the radio for people to save their wartime diaries. Anne Frank then began to rewrite her diary with the intention of having it published after the war. On August 4,1944, the Nazis raided the Secret Annex and arrested the residents. They emptied Otto Franks briefcase onto the floor, including Annes diary, in order to carry the familys valuables. After the residents were taken away, Miep and Bep went to the Annex, and attempted to salvage all that they could. They found Annes papers, as well as other personal belongings of the residents, which they took away for safe-keeping. Miep put Annes diary in her desk drawer, to await Annes return. Anne Frank did not survive the Holocaust. Her father, Otto Frank, returned to Amsterdam after the war ended, the sole survivor among those who had hid in the Secret Annex. When he found out that Anne had died in Bergen-Belsen, Miep Gies gave him Annes diary, which she had hidden for almost a year. .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df , .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .postImageUrl , .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df , .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:hover , .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:visited , .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:active { border:0!important; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:active , .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b83a3b654577ca4fd19660d60cf02df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Queen of Diamonds EssayCategory: English .

Chernobyl Essays (1039 words) - San Ciro De Acosta,

Chernobyl La era nuclear empieza a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, a 50 a?os de este suceso hist?rico, dos ciudades nuevas se han levantado de las cenizas at?micas de esta catastr?fica guerra. En una de estas ciudades, Chernobyl, a diez a?os de la explosi?n nuclear, poblaciones enteras han sido abandonadas alrededor del reactor destruido, para escapar del agua y del alimento contaminados producidos en el suelo que una vez fuera rico. En el mismo per?odo desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la mayor?a de los bosques tropicales fueron destruidos. Se encontro una declinaci?n dram?tica en las especies de plantas y de animales. Los antrop?logos registraron una cat?strofe global tan enorme que probablemente no sea superada a lo largo de la historia . Todav?a hay una pregunta en cuanto a la supervivencia humana m?s all? de la extensi?n global del plutonio vaporizado Chernobyl. Esto se relaciona no solamente con una etiqueta de pl?stico elemental, sino tambi?n con los efectos gen?ticos, los cuales son mucho m?s dif?ciles de comprobar. Los defectos gen?ticos, el c?ncer, la leucemia y los problemas de la fertilidad ser?n consecuencias probables. La variedad de impactos sobre el sistema inmune son tambi?n dif?ciles de predecir. Sin embargo, la industria nuclear asume con seguridad que el p?blico no asociar? la enfermedad con la contaminaci?n. Muchos contin?an diciendo que las 31 personas que murieron luchando contra el fuego en Chernobyl fueron las ?nicas v?ctimas de la radiaci?n. Hace catorce a?os, los habitantes de Ucrania, especialmente los del norte de Kiev, la capital de esta exrep?blica sovi?tica, comenzaban a vivir lo imaginable: explotaba un reactor de la planta nuclear de Chernobyl. El desastre, fruto del error humano, sucedi? tan r?pido que no hubo momento para evitarlo o correr del peligro. Las autoridades sov?ticas tardaron en reaccionar y en advertir a la poblaci?n sobre los riesgos. ECOLOG?A The most common birth-defects in animals are the absence of one or more extremities, deformation of the skull or spine, absence of eyes, overgrowth of the eyelids, lack of hair, exposed internal organs, or absence of an anus. The visits of various commissions have not yet resulted in any final conclusion or evaluation of these animal deformities. The question remains, What will happen tomorrow? GEN?TICA As a step toward an assessment of the effects of the radio-ecological situation on living creatures, Belarus scientists havestudied specimens of plants and wild animals within the contaminated zone and compared their physiology and behavior withthose on control specimens in special experimental areas outside the 30-km Zone. The genetic effects of radiation on the chromatin apparatus of plants were revealed in a study of the frequency of mitotic anomalies in the seedlings of various types of barley rye and wheat grown at an experimental station in the Khoiniki region. It was established that different strains reacted differently to radioactive contamination. The cesium-134/7 content of rye and wheat grains grown in Khoiniki was an order of magnitude higher than that of grain grown in Minsk province, while there was little difference in the case of barley. An analysis of chromosomal aberrations year by year has shown that the frequency of mitotic anomalies in plants grown in the contaminated zone in 1987 was little different from the frequency observed in ecologically clean areas. In 1988, however, in all types of plants under observation there was a noticeable rise in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Signs of degeneration and destruction have also been noted in the pancreas, leading to increased permeability of the blood vessels, leucocyte infiltration, changes in the vessel walls, and the abnormal growth of connective tissue. At the same time, the immune system has been significantly damaged, as is shown by a change in the number of differentiated B-lymphocytes in the bone marrow, the reduction of polyferation, the differentiation and migration of T-lymphocytes, a disequilibrium of the proportions among thymocytes, etc. Damage to the structure and function of the membranes of the lymphocytes is evident, as is damage to the peripheral hormonal action machanisms and to the system of peroxide oxidation of lipids, along with an increased level of wasteproducts in the blood and an accompanying drop in the activity of the antioxidants systems. There are marked changes in thefunction of the cell genome, etc. Conclusi?n We challenge the nuclear professionals to stand on equal ground

Tiempo demora papeles para hijos de ciudadanos EE.UU.

Tiempo demora papeles para hijos de ciudadanos EE.UU. El tiempo que se demora la tarjeta de residencia permanente conocida como green card para los hijos de los ciudadanos americanos depende de diversos factores como la edad y el estado civil, es decir, si estn solteros o casados y, en algunos casos, incluso de la nacionalidad del hijo pedido. En este artà ­culo se explican las tres grandes categorà ­as que determinan los tiempos de demora en las peticiones de padre o madre ciudadano a su hijo o hija: hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, hijos casados de cualquier edad e hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os. Sin embargo, se comienza explicando que, en ocasiones, no es necesario pedir los papeles porque los hijos son ya ciudadanos estadounidenses aà ºn cuando no nacieron en EE.UU. Se finaliza explicando por quà © los mexicanos pueden tardar mucho ms que las personas de otras nacionalidades, el caso de peticiones a hijastros y referencia a peticiones de residentes a hijos. Cundo los hijos de ciudadanos son tambià ©n estadounidenses Antes de iniciar el proceso de solicitar los papeles para los hijos, los ciudadanos estadounidenses deben verificar que dichos hijos no son ya ciudadanos de pleno derecho. Y es que cuando un nià ±o o una nià ±a nacen en otro paà ­s pero tienen padre o madre estadounidense es posible que sean ciudadanos de EE.UU. por derecho de sangre. Cabe destacar que las leyes han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo y que en el pasado se pedà ­an otros requisitos. El documento fundamental para probar la ciudadanà ­a americana en este caso es el reporte consular de nacimiento en el extranjero. Adems, en el caso de adopciones internacionales por parte de un ciudadano, en mayorà ­a de los casos los nià ±os adquieren la ciudadanà ­a americana automticamente. En una minorà ­a de supuestos, los menores ingresar a Estados Unidos como residentes permanentes y se debe tramitar posteriormente solicitud de ciudadanà ­a. Demora de papeles para solteros menores de 21 aà ±os A la hora de pedir la residencia permanente para hijos por parte de ciudadano, la tramitacià ³n ms rpida es la que se hace para los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Se les considera familiares directos del ciudadano y por eso la demora solamente alcanza al tiempo de trmite de los papeles. Dicha demora va a depender de la carga de trabajo en el centro del USCIS al que le corresponda tramitar la solicitud. Asà ­, en el momento en que se escribe este artà ­culo, el centro de Vermont se est demorando entre 4 y 7 meses en tramitar la peticià ³n mientras que el de Potomac, que es el que ms retraso acumula, entre 9 meses y medio y un aà ±o. Cabe destacar que no se puede pedir centro de procesamiento sino que la peticià ³n se tramita en la que toca por ley. Adems, si el hijo est en Estados Unidos y puede ajustar el estatus, despuà ©s de aprobarse la peticià ³n de la solicitud hay que computar el tiempo para el ajuste. Si est fuera de EE.UU. y se sigue el procedimiento consular, hay que calcular unos seis meses desde que se obtiene la aprobacià ³n de la solicitud al momento de finalizar todos los trmites en el consulado. Por à ºltimo, en las peticiones de green card la edad es fundamental. Es importante conocer en quà © casos la edad se congela y se pueden obtener los papeles solicitados y en quà © casos se pierden los derechos. Demora de papeles para hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os En este tipo de peticiones la demora es larga y comprende dos fases. En primer lugar, se trata de esperar a que USCIS apruebe la peticià ³n. Aquà ­ hay grandes diferencias entre los centros de procesamiento. Asà ­, en el momento en que se escribe este artà ­culo el centro de Texas se est demorando entre 6 meses y medio y 8 meses y medio en aprobar o negar la aplicacià ³n. Sin embargo, el centro de Vermont se est demorando entre 67 y 87 meses en tramitar la solicitud de papeles por parte de ciudadano para hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os. Pero es que adems, despuà ©s de la aprobacià ³n por parte de USCIS hay que esperar bastante ms. Esta categorà ­a forma lo que se conoce como Preferencia 1 o F1 de las visas de familia. Se conceden 23.400 por aà ±o fiscal y como hay ms peticiones que visas de inmigrante disponibles en esta categorà ­a, eso quiere decir que hay que esperar a que llegue el turno y se procesen todas las peticiones ms antiguas. Para tener una idea de cunto es en la actualidad esta demora, lo mejor es consultar cada mes el boletà ­n de visas que publica el Departamento de Estado. En el momento de escribir este artà ­culo, en la categorà ­a F1 de hijos solteros de ciudadanos se estn tramitando las peticiones presentadas hace 6 aà ±os y medio para los casos de pedidos de Espaà ±a y de Latinoamà ©rica, excepto Mà ©xico. Para el caso de Mà ©xico, se estn tramitando las peticiones presentadas hace 20 aà ±os. Hijos casados de ciudadanos americanos de cualquier edad Esta categorà ­a se conoce como F3. Tambià ©n se otorgan anualmente un total de 23,400 visados de esta clase. La demora aproximada es de doce aà ±os para los espaà ±oles y latinoamericanos, con la excepcià ³n de los ciudadanos de Mà ©xico, para los que la demora es de 20 aà ±os. Como en el caso anterior se puede consultar las demoras aproximadas consultando el boletà ­n de visas.  ¿Por quà © los mexicanos esperan ms en categorà ­as F1 y F3? La razà ³n por la que la espera de los mexicanos es mayor a la del resto se debe a que no se permite que ningà ºn paà ­s se lleve por aà ±o ms del siete por ciento del total de las visas de inmigrante disponibles para esas categorà ­as. Y como la demanda en Mà ©xico es tan grande por eso se producen estas demoras tan largas. Demora de papeles para hijastros de ciudadanos Los estadounidenses pueden pedir los papeles para la tarjeta de residencia para los hijos de su esposo o de su mujer extranjeros. La condicià ³n fundamental es que el matrimonio haya tenido lugar antes de que los hijastros hubieran cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad. Los requisitos varà ­an si los hijos son solteros y menores de 21 aà ±os o si son mayores de esa edad o estn casados. La situacià ³n diferente de los hijos deresidentes permanentes El caso de los hijos de los residentes permanentes es muy distinto. El tiempo que  se demora la peticià ³n de un residente para sus hijos  es ms larga y adems estn excluidos de las peticiones los hijos casados de cualquier edad. Consejospara migrantes Si se tienen dudas y no se sabe cul es el lugar adecuado para obtener la respuesta, consultar esta lista completa de telà ©fonos a los que marcar, segà ºn el tipo de inquietud que se tiene. Si los hijos estn en edad escolar es conveniente conocer cà ³mo funciona el sistema educativo de los Estados Unidos. Por à ºltimo, es aconsejable tomar este test sobre la residencia permanente porque es una forma fcil y divertida de aprender aspectos fundamentales sobre la green card. Cuando ms se sepa, mejor. Puntos clave demora peticiones papeles de ciudadano para hijo Hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os: aproximadamente 12-18 mesesHijos casados mexicanos: ms de 20 aà ±osHijos casados otros paà ­ses: 6 aà ±os y medio - 7 aà ±osHijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os mexicanos: ms 20 aà ±osHijos solteros mayores 21 aà ±os otros paà ­ses: ms de 12 aà ±os Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Introduction to Business - Essay Example Moreover, a diverse work force gives the employees an opportunity to focus on their jobs or responsibilities without having to worry about being targeted for discrimination. In conclusion, it also attracts other people from the same gender and race to the organization thereby attracting customers and new talents. Best Buy’s trip to Memphis encourages racial diversity since it reminds the managers about the Civil rights Movement. In addition, this trip gives them the first-hand look on the struggles that African Americans went through as a result, of race discrimination. Moreover, it gives them an insight on the achievements of the individuals that led the Civil rights Movement gained. Therefore, this helps the managers to gain a deeper understanding on how important it is to include other races in their workforce, and to avoid racial discrimination. Besides, they learn the benefits of being tolerant with people from diverse racial backgrounds. In addition, the trip enables managers to take the message of importance of racial diversity back to the other employees. Thus, this trip makes the message of racial diversity more meaningful to the whole workforce. After the trip, it is probable that employees and managers will be more educated on the issue of racial diversity and therefore mot ivating them to work together. Best Buy is a large retail company, it has many branches nationwide and it is viewed as a national retail company. This means that it deals with a diverse base of customers, from various racial backgrounds. In addition, this makes it vital for this company to have a diverse workforce that meets diverse needs of their customers. Therefore, customers are able to relate better with a workforce that belongs to the same race as they do. Moreover, the workforce is able to understand the needs of their wide base of customers since they understand various races and their traditions. Racial diversity also attracts customers since they appreciate

DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF USING GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND THE Essay

DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF USING GIS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND THE HIGHLIGHT THE PROBLEMS OF MAPS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - Essay Example While natural disasters are those that result due to natural calamities and human beings have lesser degree of control over, for example, earthquakes and hurricanes. Disasters can disrupt the whole routine and activities of the affected country, nation or city. It can result in serious accidents, mishaps and calamity. Therefore, it is essential that the disasters are processed, managed and useful steps be taken to ensure that the routine of the affected place can get back to normal (Mishra, pp. 172-173, 2002). Geography Information System, also known as GIS, is one of the effective methods of disaster management. This ensures that least of the wastages happen once after the disaster have taken place, or it completely tries to curb the foreseen disasters from happening altogether. GIS, is a method of looking into the geography, topography, of the affected place, or the vulnerable places to disaster so that effective methods of preserving the areas could be brought up to handle the sit uation in the best possible manners. GIS allows the Disaster Management Departments to closely look into the issues, recognize, examine and make trends of the issues that are occurring, through high technology softwares that helps the investigators to come up with the best possible and accurate results.

Chevron Stakeholders and Their Interests or Concerns Essay

Chevron Stakeholders and Their Interests or Concerns - Essay Example The consequences were eminent as people obtained water from the streams for domestic use. The effluents had lethal concentration of toxic substances. Ecuadorians witnessed numerous cases of Leukemia and abnormally increasing rates of birth defects. The stakeholders in this case were the company’s management, the Ecuadorian government, institutional stakeholders, and the Ecuadorians. The company management’s main concern was to clear the company’s name by distancing itself from claims about the disaster. Consequently, Chevron denied responsibility of its actions that led to the disaster. â€Å"For a host of cultural and ideological reasons Chevron management is acting against its own self-interest — the interest of its shareholders†¦and in doing so, is driving the company off an $18 billion cliff† (Anderson, 1). The efficient functioning of the company in all areas/department is the role and duty of this category of stakeholders. They are expected to help steer the company into greater heights of success in light of productivity and profitability. This is their ultimate concern as they work to ensure that the company’s operations are running smoothly, no wonder their efforts to keep the looming court case at bay. The Ecuadorian government as a stakeholder, moved to protect the rights and interests of its subjects. The government had to take initiative and thus active roles in court proceedings so as to ensure that the Ecuadorians earned justice. It is one thing for a country to allow a foreign country to invest in one’s country and another to turn against it when it comes to matters of health, safety and security. The only challenge facing this initiative is change of guard from one president to another. Otherwise the country’s government has always strived to resolve the damage through seeking legal redress. The eighteen year old court battle translates into a typically lengthy process.  

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs)

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) 1.1 Introduction to IIMs Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of rheumatic disorders affecting skeletal muscle, they are thought to be auto immune in origin (Rothwell et al., 2013), but as their name implies the actual cause remains something of an enigma. The phenotype of IMMs is generally characterised by progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and rapid fatigue, MHC class 1 expression in muscle fibres (van der Pas et al., 2004), increased circulating muscle enzymes (Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase)(Cox et al., 2010), and the invasion of inflammatory infiltrates such as immune cells and cytokines (Lundberg et al., 1997; Grundtman et al., 2007). They are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation with patients displaying differing histopathological features, and exhibiting varying disease durations and treatment responses; this is probably associated with the numerous genetic and environmentally implicated factors that have been recently discovered (Rothwell et al., 2013). Interestingly, overt muscle atrophy is not a typical feature of IMM as it is in most diseases associated with muscle fatigue. Inflammatory infiltrate presence in muscle fibres is indicative of cytotoxicity (Lundberg et al., 1997). However, it is often observed that the extent of infiltrate presence in the muscle fibre does not often correlate with the degree of muscle dysfunction (Grundtman et al., 2010), implying that impaired muscle performance is the result of something other than muscle cell damage induced by inflammatory cells and their products; and the continued progression of pathology in the absence of infiltrates suggests that the muscle itself could be contributing. Furthermore, it has been found that weakness can in-fact precede infiltrate presence, and in immune-suppressed individuals weakness can persist (Lundberg Chung, 2000). Muscle weakness is usually initiated in the large muscles around the hips and shoulders, but often spreads to more distal areas resulting in quadriparesis (weakness in all four limbs) that can be severely debilitating. The impact of this can cause the patient difficult y in carrying out even simple everyday tasks such as climbing stairs and can be particularly dangerous in older patients who often have related morbidities. As the disease progresses, eventually the patient’s fine motor skills can be impeded: distal muscle action is required for these movements and weakness in these regions can have affect fine motor skills (Dalakas, 1991). Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is also common in severe cases and can cause fatal choking. IMMs clearly have an adverse impact on the patient’s quality of life, and a deeper understanding into the disease is essential for this to be improved. However, some patients are only mildly affected; this heterogeneity makes it difficult to establish the definitive cause of myositis, and treatment is therefore limited. IMMs can be subdivided into three main discrete histological categories: Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. 1.2 Dermatomyositis (DM) DM is a microangiopathy that affects both the skin and muscle tissue, and is caused by the lysis of endomysial capillaries and muscle ischemia (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). It was Hohlfeld that described the criteria for diagnosing IMMs; a diagnosis can be made subsequent to three laboratory experiments: serum muscle enzyme concentrations, electromyography, and muscle biopsy (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003), and in some cases a skin biopsy may be useful in diagnosing DM. Creatine Kinase (CK) elevation is the main indicator of DM, and is usually correlative to disease severity. It is common for skeletal muscle CK concentration to increase fifty-fold in patients with active DM, but in some patients levels remain basal (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The muscle biopsy is critical for an accurate diagnosis and would generally show perifascicular atrophy caused by phagocytosis and necrosis of the muscle fasciculus; this is diagnostic of DM even in the absence of inflammation. CD4 positive T-cells are us ually detected in the dermis at sites of perivascular inflammation, and capillary density is dramatically reduced with vessel perforation. DM was unsurprisingly the first to be reported in 1875 by Potain (Potain, 1875) (Oddis Medsger Jr, 1995), probably due to its extramuscular manifestation of heliotrope (upper eyelids), and erythematous (face, neck, back, shoulders) rashes that commonly precede muscular weakness (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The extensor joint surfaces of DM sufferers are commonly covered in Gottrons papules, along with dilated capillary loops at the base of the finger nail with thickened cuticles (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). The outward appearance of DM often leads to a false diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus as muscle weakness is not always evident in DM patients; however, the two diseases differ in that only the latter involves a phalangeal rash. DM has been shown to be the most common form of juvenile myositis, though there have been reported rare incidences of polymyositis (Sato et al., 2000). If treated early on, DM has been shown to respond to immunotherapeutic agents; however, the first line of treatment is usually corticosteroids such as high-dose oral Prednisone. Patients usually show some degree of response to steroid treatment alone, but they are usually administered in conjunction with other immune targeted treatments (Aggarwal Oddis, 2012). 1.2 Polymyositis (PM) In 1887 Unverricht reported the first case of PM (Unverricht, 1887), which presents without the classical rash associated with DM. It is the least common form of myositis and onset is almost universally after 18 years of age, though as previously mentioned it has been reported in the juvenile form (Sato et al., 2000). Epidemiology of PM is difficult to quantify due to it being a rare form of a rare disease that was for many years indistinguishable from Inclusion Body Myositis. PM develops slowly over months or years, and identifying the exact, or even approximate, time of onset is difficult due to the progressive nature and lack of the characteristic rash associated with DM. Muscle weakness progresses in much the same way as DM and is equally as debilitating (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). Diagnosing PM generally involves the exclusion of other similar myopathies using the three diagnostic laboratory experiments described earlier. In PM, unlike DM, CK concentration is always elevated significantly above the basal level. CD8-positive T-cells are found to be invading healthy muscle fibres expressing MHC class I antigens forming a CD8/MHC-1 complex (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). There has long been evidence to suggest that PM could be induced by viral infiltration, possibly via retro-viral infection (Dalakas et al., 1986). The treatment approaches for PM are the same as DM, and in about 70% of patients intravenous immunoglobulin appears to be a promising treatment. 1.3 Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) IBM was not universally accepted as a separate classification to DM and PM until 1978 (CARPENTER et al., 1978), but it has since been found to be the most common acquired IMM in the elderly, and in men over the age of fifty (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). There are two types, sporadic- and hereditary-IBM, the two are histologically and ultrastructurally similar, but hIBM lacks inflammation. IBM was pathologically characterised by Yunis and Samaha, who coined the term in 1971 (Yunis Samaha, 1971); they noted in patients the presence of vacuoles containing cytoplasmic degradation products with fibrillary nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions that distinguished IBM from PM, something it is often misdiagnosed as. Insoluble amyloid protein deposits are also found in the muscle tissue of IBM patients, along with the invasion of CD8/MHC-1 complexes that are also associated with PM, and perivascular and endomisial inflammatory infiltrates (Grau Selva-O’Callaghan, 2008). CK levels are usuall y, but not always, elevated slightly. The vacuoles associated with IBM are indicative of muscle atrophy, something that is not generally seen in DM or PM. The process is gradual, occurring slowly over years similarly to many muscular dystrophies. In PM patients that do not respond to therapy, a diagnosis of IBM is now generally considered. Most IBM patients do not show a marked response to anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant therapy; a few, probably those with an early diagnosis, show a limited response to corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs, but this is not always sustained. Exercise therapy is often suggested to stabilize muscle strength and function, and is frequently advised (Grau Selva-O’Callaghan, 2008). 1.4 Epidemiology Onset of myositis is most common in adults and is generally sporadic, though it has been postulated that there could be some underlying genetic predisposition that could attribute to myositic presentation in some individuals (Cox et al., 2010; Rothwell et al., 2013). Juvenile myositis is less common than the adult form, with dermatomyositis being most prevalent (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003); it’s incidence creates discrete age brackets in which IIMs occur. IIMs are regarded as rare, and though there have been numerous attempted epidemiological studies they generally have a low sample size, and it is therefore difficult to determine accurate statistics; also, most statistics are no longer accurate as the old classification of IMMs (Bohan and Peter) could not distinguish between Polymyositis and Inclusion Body Myositis. IMMs have been shown to be most prevalent in women, with DM being the most common diagnosis (Dalakas Hohlfeld, 2003). 1.4 High Mobility Group-box 1 Protein (HMGB1) HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin associated protein; under typical physiological conditions it is confined within the nucleus where it regulates an array of important transcriptional pathways by binding to and distorting sections of DNA, allowing for the assembly of multi-protein complexes (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004). In response to tissue damage, the normally nuclear protein translocates to the extracellular space and acts as an inflammatory cytokine. Excessive cytokine signalling by HMGB1 has been shown to be fatal in mice (Wang et al., 1999). However, it has been observed that in models of tissue regeneration HMGB1 acts as a chemotactic agent to recruit stem cells such as mesangioblasts in vitro, which indicates it has an in vivo role of favouring muscle regeneration by promoting vessel formation (Vezzoli et al., 2011) (Sachdev et al., 2013). It is therefore interesting that it’s implicated role in IMMs is pathological. 1.5 HMGB1 in IIMs When activated by inflammatory stimulants, HMGB1 is actively secreted from monocytes and macrophages via specialised organelles such as secretory lysosomes (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004); HMGB1 is found to be significantly elevated in patients with IIMs (Grundtman et al., 2010). This translocation is permitted by the hyperacetylation of lysines on HMGB1 (Bonaldi et al., 2003) allowing it to be permanently dissociated from the chromatin, and become packaged in secretory lysosomes. In necrotic cells the cellular membranes lose their integrity and soluble proteins such as HMGB1 are allowed to leak out; this differs from apoptosis where the cell death is not signalled by this leak as HMGB1 remains tightly bound to the chromatin (Bianchi Manfredi, 2004). Necrosis is thought to be the predominant route for cell death in IIMs (Schneider et al., 1996); this allows for HMGB1 to be passively released from the cell. HMGB1 exists in mutually exclusive redox forms that mediate specific inflammatory roles (Venereau et al., 2012). Full reduction of Cysteines 23, 45, and 106 occurs initially, forming all-thiol-HMGB1; in this state it has a cytokine stimulating activity. It is thought that this is the form secreted by activated monocytes to help contribute to the inflammatory response. Later, a disulphide bond forms between C23 and 45 in the HMG-BoxA domain of HMGB1 whilst the Box B C106 remains unpaired and in the thiol state (Venereau et al., 2012). The disulfide form possesses chemoattractant capabilities, causing the migration of leukocytes to the region of inflammation (Venereau et al., 2012). Only the fully reduced form can recruit motile cells, making the cytokine stimulating and chemoattractant activities of HMGB1 also mutually exclusive. Terminal oxidation of HMGB1 fully abrogates its bioactivity, but slight oxidation is required to convert all-thiol HMGB1 to disulphide-HMGB1; it is thought that infiltrating inflammatory cells cause the conversion by maintaining the extracellular oxidative environment as they are a well characterised source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HMGB1 is a ligand for the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), a mediator of the innate immune response; though it is found in both healthy individuals and myositis patients, it is proposed to be the receptor for which muscle dysfunction in IIMs is mediated (Zong et al., 2013). The TLR4 plays an important role macrophages and monocytes where it is involved in pathogen recognition. Patient data from a recent study suggests that HMGB1 may induce MHC class 1 expression in patients with IIMs via activation of the TLR4: MHC class 1 and TLR4 have been found to be coexpressed in the muscle fibres of patients with myositis but not healthy individuals (Zong et al., 2013). Another receptor through which HMGB1 signals is the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE); an in-vitro knock out study using intact single fibres demonstrated that HMGB1 acts via the TLR4 and not RAGE to induce muscle MHC class 1 expression and fatigue by decreasing the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+ released by actio n potentials (Zong et al., 2013). However, this may not necessarily be true in-vivo. Nevertheless, the HMGB1-TLR4-MHC 1 pathway seems to be an integral part of the pathogenesis of IMMs and could therefore be a potential therapeutic target. It has been shown that aerobic exercise (a common and beneficial intervention for IIM patients) reduces TLR4 mRNA in skeletal muscle of rats (Zanchi et al., 2010), thus further suggesting that TLR4 plays a key role in IMMs. References Aggarwal R Oddis CV. (2012). Therapeutic advances in myositis. Current opinion in rheumatology 24, 635-641. Bianchi ME Manfredi A. (2004). Chromatin and cell death. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gene Structure and Expression 1677, 181-186. Bonaldi T, Talamo F, Scaffidi P, Ferrera D, Porto A, Bachi A, Rubartelli A, Agresti A Bianchi ME. (2003). Monocytic cells hyperacetylate chromatin protein HMGB1 to redirect it towards secretion. The EMBO Journal 22, 5551-5560. CARPENTER S, KARPATI G, HELLER I EISEN A. (1978). Inclusion body myositis A distinct variety of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Neurology 28, 8-8. Cox S, Limaye V, Hill C, Blumbergs P ROBERTSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ THOMSON P. (2010). Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: diagnostic criteria, classification and epidemiological features. International journal of rheumatic diseases 13, 117-124. Dalakas M, London W, Gravell M Sever J. (1986). Polymyositis in an immunodeficiency disease in monkeys induced by a type D retrovirus. Neurology 36, 569-572. Dalakas MC. (1991). Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion-Body Myositis. New England Journal of Medicine 325, 1487-1498. Dalakas MC Hohlfeld R. (2003). Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The Lancet 362, 971-982. Grau JM Selva-O’Callaghan A. (2008). Sporadic inclusion body myositis. In Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases, pp. 165-168. Springer. Grundtman C, Bruton J, Yamada T, Ãâ€"stberg T, Pisetsky DS, Harris HE, Andersson U, Lundberg IE Westerblad H. (2010). Effects of HMGB1 on in vitro responses of isolated muscle fibers and functional aspects in skeletal muscles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The FASEB Journal 24, 570-578. Grundtman C, Malmstrà ¶m V Lundberg IE. (2007). Immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis research therapy 9, 208. Lundberg I Chung Y-L. (2000). Treatment and investigation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology 39, 7-17. Lundberg I, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P, Andersson U Klareskog L. (1997). Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheumatism 40, 865-874. Oddis CV Medsger Jr TA. (1995). Inflammatory myopathies. Baillià ¨res clinical rheumatology 9, 497-514. Potain P. (1875). Morve chronique de anormal. Bull et Mem Hop Paris 12, 314-318. Rothwell S, Cooper RG, Lamb JA Chinoy H. (2013). Entering a new phase of immunogenetics in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Current opinion in rheumatology 25, 735-741. Sachdev U, Cui X Tzeng E. (2013). HMGB1 and TLR4 mediate skeletal muscle recovery in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Journal of vascular surgery 58, 460-469. Sato M, Bando T, Hasegawa S, Kitaichi M Wada H. (2000). Recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces associated with juvenile polymyositis. CHEST Journal 118, 1509-1511. Schneider C, Gold R, Dalakas MC, Schmied M, Lassmann H, Toyka KV Hartung H-P. (1996). MHC Class l-Mediated Cytotoxicity Does Not Induce Apoptosis in Muscle Fibers nor in Inflammatory T Cells: Studies in Patients with Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. Journal of Neuropathology Experimental Neurology 55, 1205-1209. Unverricht H. (1887). Polymyositis acuta progressive. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Medizin 12, 533. van der Pas J, Hengstman GJD, ter Laak HJ, Borm GF van Engelen BGM. (2004). Diagnostic value of MHC class I staining in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry 75, 136-139. Venereau E, Casalgrandi M, Schiraldi M, Antoine DJ, Cattaneo A, De Marchis F, Liu J, Antonelli A, Preti A Raeli L. (2012). Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release. The Journal of experimental medicine 209, 1519-1528. Vezzoli M, Castellani P, Corna G, Castiglioni A, Bosurgi L, Monno A, Brunelli S, Manfredi AA, Rubartelli A Rovere-Querini P. (2011). High-mobility group box 1 release and redox regulation accompany regeneration and remodeling of skeletal muscle. Antioxidants redox signaling 15, 2161-2174. Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S Borovikova L. (1999). HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science 285, 248-251. Yunis E Samaha F. (1971). Inclusion body myositis. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 25, 240. Zanchi NE, Lira FS, de Siqueira Filho MA, Rosa JC, de Oliveira Carvalho CR, Seelaender M, Santos RVT Lancha Jr AH. (2010). Chronic low frequency/low volume resistance training reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine protein levels and TLR4 mRNA in rat skeletal muscle. European journal of applied physiology 109, 1095-1102. Zong M, Bruton JD, Grundtman C, Yang H, Li JH, Alexanderson H, Palmblad K, Andersson U, Harris HE Lundberg IE. (2013). TLR4 as receptor for HMGB1 induced muscle dysfunction in myositis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 72, 1390-1399.

Essay on Dignity of the African People in Chinua Achebes Things Fall A

Dignity of the African People Conveyed in Things Fall Apart In Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart, it is shown that the African people had their own complex culture before the Europeans decided to "pacify" them. The idea that the dignity of these people has been greatly compromised is acknowledged in the essay "The Role of the Writer," which is explanatory of Achebe's novels. A writer trying to capture the truth of a situation that his readers may know little or nothing about needs a sense of history in order to appropriately address the topic. It is not enough "to beat" another writer to the issue. Writers should make the attempt to express a deeper understanding. Without proper mental investment in a written work, the product will be a shallow representation of what it is meant to convey. Achebe chose to write his novel realistically. He includes the beauty of the Ibo's culture, as well as the gruesome. He recorded that a man might help kill his own adopted son for fear that he would be "thought weak." He also revealed that newborn twins were thrown away. Along with the "great depth" comes tragedy, but all of the details were required to make an accurate presentation of the subject. The writer must understand that the truth is not selective to the pleasant facts. The District Commissioner believed that it was important that he "be firm in cutting out the details" and decreed that a paragraph would suffice for the explanation of Okonkwo. However, Achebe, in essence, wrote an entire novel about this character. It is arrogant to believe that the complete understanding of a human being can be accomplished so easily. The character of the District Commissioner is a prime example of a biased ... ...priciously without consideration to the public's attention to written news. Care must be taken and time set aside to allow for every needed aspect of a literary work to develop. Writing for expediency often excludes the "value and beauty" in the culture of the Africans. Fallacious arguments and insincere statements result from hastening a document. Writers have the opportunity to "tell the people" the harsh realities of the past. Each one who writes about the colonial period has the choice to just write something or to write something substantial. The goal of a writer should be to influence the world for the better. With a proper attitude towards the material, knowledge of the history, and care taken for the preparation, the dignity and self-respect lost to the African people can be regained, and many can know "where the rain began to beat them."

Addiction as A Lifestyle

For several decades, health issues have increased by more than 8.5% each year. According to a recent study conducted by the center for Disease Control and Prevention, 65% of US adults are either overweight or obese. The rate of diabetes are increasing in the United States, with a 27 percent increase seen in the last five years. The high cost of health care also poses a major threat to the nation's economy. However, health problems can be prevented to a large extent by controlling people's lifestyle. Group discussions and conversations may help people to adopt a healthy way of living. Therefore, Cybernetics which is the study of conversation/communication and control/regulation can be used to help solve this problems. This study aims at using cybernetics as a model for controlling health problems.AddictionIn developed countries of the world like USA, where the literacy rate is above 95%, people know that leading a healthy lifestyle removes the risk of chronic health issues to a considerable margin. However they most times do not adopt a healthy way of living.   Why? Addiction has ruined the healthy life style of people. For example- people may be addicted to sleeping and do not exercise, addicted to eating foods with high calories that causes them obesity and make them prone to heart problems. Addiction is a condition in which a consistent desire/craving to repeat an addicted behavior exceeds the ability to rationally stop doing so. When the more you have, the more you seem to need to achieve the same effect or result. This effect can be displayed as a positive feedback loop where the want continues expanding within the loop.Some background about feedback loops – Feedback loops are of two forms: negative feedback loop and positive feedback loop. Negative feedback loops strives towards balance and stasis by subtracting error with each cycle. A good example of negative feedback loop is homeostasis, the body's system for keeping itself chemically and temperature balanced. Positive feedback loops, by comparison, add the variations of each cycle. As a result they can become potentially dangerous as their effect mount with each event. Hypothermia, shock, heatstroke are examples of positive feedback.Figure-1 models addiction (nicotine addiction) as a positive feedback. The desire for smoking continues to increase in the loop for achieving the same level of satisfaction. The first day, Bob needs to smoke once and get satisfied. The second day, he needs to smoke twice to get the same level of satisfaction. Gradually, his cravings and urge to smoke increases along with the frequency.Controlling the Uncontrollable(addiction)The graph above (Figure-1) indicates how the addiction continue to expand in a positive feedback loop. Also, Bateson's examination of alcohol addiction contended that the very attempt to regain discretion, to be a â€Å"commander of one's own spirit†, added to the heightening of the alcoholism. Moreover, the Twelve Step Program of Alcoholics Anonymous-which has been effectively adjusted to a huge number of addictive practices, offers recuperation by â€Å"surrendering† that is, by stopping to deliberately try to stop the addiction. Subsequently, the person who is addicted does not have an essential variety to control addiction. At the point when Addiction becomes uncontrollable, how can it be controlled? Ludwig's research on Alcoholics mind demonstrates that â€Å"developing the right mind frame† (sufficient inspiration) for sobriety improves the probability that an individual can figure out how to resist his addiction .Sufficient inspiration or adequate motivation can solve the puzzle of addiction as an uncontrollable event. The diagram beneath demonstrates the cybernetic approach to deal with controlling health issues by inspiring individuals to follow a sound way of life (work out, yoga, healthy food and so on.), that is abstaining from an unhealthy way of life. Reward/Incentive SystemPeople have various needs including monetary needs, physiological needs, safety needs and esteem needs. An individual can be motivated for performing an activity using proper incentives which may help in fulfilling some of his needs. A reward system could be a web application like Weight Watchers or an organization such as a health club. Below is a model of an incentive system used in motivating a person to exercise regularly. The model also shows that the system can keep refining or modifying the incentive system to make sure that the user is always motivated.Group Affiliation/FriendsGroups, friends and circle of relatives assist in controlling addictions and regulating the manner people live. People develop trust, care and similarity in a group that offer intellectual strength for controlling their cravings. It has additionally been proved that the group association programs offer long- term remedy for addiction in comparison to short-term remedy provided through medication therapy. Self-assist programs like Alcoholics anonymous, rational healing or women for Sobriety, assist in gaining control over addiction through assisting the affected person to integrate into a self-assist group. TrustTrust is a system-related concept and that is a constantly evolving state of information acquisition, processing and feedback. Figure-4 demonstrates the system model of trust between two actors (trustor and trustee). The trustor continually accesses the behavior of the trustee against his mental model of trustworthiness, which results in increased trust if the behavior matches with his mental model otherwise decreased trust. Trustworthiness relies on three variables which relate to perception about the person to be relied on: competence, integrity and benevolence. ‘Competence' is the perceived potential of the trustee, as measured through indicators which includes training or credentials, experience, and reliable past performance. ‘Integrity' is the degree to which the trustee is considered to perform with honesty, fairness, and consistency of actions and words. ‘Benevolence' concerns the extent to which the trustee demonstrates care and consideration for people he or she interacts directly or indirectly.In addition to the above-recognized antecedent variables, trust also relies on the ‘context' within which the trustor and trustee are embedded. It could affect the extent to which the trustee is rated on antecedent variables particularly competence. For instance, a person may be perceived as competent in one context but no longer in another. Furthermore, it is essential to differe ntiate between Interactions among unfamiliar others and ongoing interactions among familiar others for trust. In a social system, trust could be unidirectional or bi-directional. Also, trust may be commutative.After the developement of trust, the trustor (Alice) feels confident and becomes willing to take actions based on the suggestions, actions and decisions of the trustee (Bob) to an extent proportional to the trust level in the trustee. Now, when Bob says that he controlled his blood sugar level by following the recipes from the diabetic cook-book, Alice feels confident the same recipes in the diabetic cook-book works and she is now motivated to follow them too. It also gives her a social proof of the reliability of the recipes from the diabetic cook-book. Figure-6 is the conversation model of this trust and social proof scenario between Alice and Bob.CareCare is also a continously evolving state of information aquisition, processing and feedback.Similarity, trust, understanding and reciprocity make the important variables. It is also dependent on context and familiarity/relationship between individuals. Below is a figure which shows a model of care between Alice and Bob and how care helps them for abstinence. Bob's behavior is matched to Alice's mental model of a person she would like to care for. If there is a positive match,then the care for Bob increases otherwise it decreases. When there is a match, she cares about what Bob's expectations are from her. She feels a sense of responsibility/accountability for Bob's expectations because she does not want to disappoint him. Similarly, Bob also does a behavior assessment of Alice against a mental model of a person she would like to care for. Its also important to note that both may have different perceptions or mental models of the persons they may like to care for. Also, care may be unidirectional as well. Now when Bob makes a suggestion to Alice about losing weight, she feels responsible/ accountable for losing weight as she cares about Bob. Similarly, Bob feels responsible/accountable for not smoking when Alice asks him to quit smoking.

Over Reliance on Technology Essay

It’s 2010 and the human species as we know is in a monumental technological crossroads. Globally, we have defined the age of technological and industrial growth. As a whole our society has always been improving on all of the technological inventions to provide the general public with seamless automated and convenient applications to our personal and work life. In the age of pin size microchips and artificial intelligence the sky is the limit to our advancement of faster and more integrated technology. We as a society have embraced all of the new technological advancements and have integrated it throughout all aspects of human life. This over reliance on technology has taken away an aspect of human interaction that is vital to the way we have conducted ourselves in the past. It brings up many questions about the role technology is playing in our everyday lives. We seem to be on the constant search for ways that reduce the time worked. I-phones, Blackberry and other communication devices are always getting faster and more integrated. Specifically, the I-phone has applications that can be downloaded pertaining to just about anything. There is an application that can be downloaded that connects your I-phone to your house’s burglar alarm as well an application that can cipher passwords for alarm systems as well. Yes, I agree that this is the direction we have been catapulted in and it seems like there is not a safety net for us. Reliance on technology simply means that our personal world cannot function without the use of technological devices. According to a study done by National Public Radio, 68% of Americans say that they use a computer on the job. Of those 68%, 84% say that the use of a computer is crucial to their job being completed. (Mcphilson) A great example showing how technological advancements have taken away the human interactive experience involves the insurance industry. According to an article by Ara C Trembly, he explains how new customer service technology implemented by the major insurance companies across the United States has failed to live up to the satisfaction of the majority of these companies clients. He states â€Å"For example, at the beginning of this decade. Customer relationship management (CRM) technology was all the rage in insurance circles with carriers falling over each other trying to get (CRM) systems  implemented within there companies. As many now know, (CRM) was-on balance- a colossal flop in the insurance industry. It was a fully automated system that led clients through a corn maze of automated directions for the client. This idea was not accepted by the customers as a whole. It caused great confusion and landed most of the companies in hot water with there clients.† (Trembly) The main reason for the (CRM) failure was the lack of guidance for the clients and not being able to connect to a live representative in a timely manner to discuss there financial inquiries. The program was doomed from the beginning. What the insurance industry failed to realize was that the same visceral human interactive experience that secured the clients in the first place was being replaced with a robotic voice that cannot be spoken to. The public in general rejected this technological advancement due to a lack of human interaction. Further defending the viewpoint that over reliance on technology can be detrimental, an article by Shankar Vedantam explains what he describes as the â€Å"automation paradox†. He shows how disaster may erupt from over reliance on technology meant to minimize human error. Although, mainly addressing automated systems such as cruise control, he cites a cruise ship accident in which crewmembers were so trusting of their GPS that when the device accidently disconnected, the crew did not notice and simply followed the emergency plan route. He says â€Å"The problem is when individuals start to over trust or become complacent and put too much emphasis on the automation.† (Marcellus) It shows how we have become so reliant on technology especially, GPS, that we are not trained to detect if the information being relayed to the transmitter is correct or not. Back in the old maritime days before GPS and radar were available the captains and crew of all of the big ocean liners were well versed in charting maps, currents and reading compasses. The innovation of radar and sonar helped the skippers chart there courses more precisely. The invention of GPS basically allowed for complete course charts with limited crew interface. The GPS program would chart, estimate  fuel consumption and engage in autopilot so the duties of the maritime crews changed. The training is now eased with the use of computers and GPS. The real math calculations and degree settings that the crew would work as a team to produce is now being produced in seconds, not always correct I may add by a microchip and satellite. Humans are regressing in education and knowledge due to the over reliance on computers and technology. We seem to be embracing all of these technological advances without fully understanding the long term ramifications of this decision. We are constantly seeking out short term gains and improvements without really taking into consideration the whole big picture for future generations. As the absolute most vital connector we own, our computer as a tool is an amazingly useful aid. It has helped architects and engineers design and provide more reliable, interesting structures and buildings. It has allowed us to split atoms and categorize the human genome. Completely take the guesswork out of business intelligence and product demand curves. It even allows us to exchange money in the form of bits and bytes instead of actual paper money changing hands. As a foundation for an important economic pillar in our country we may heading for trouble. It is well known in the IT community that any computer can be hacked into. A question arises with amount of trust that you should put into this technology knowing that at any moment your computer could compromised by hackers and wrongdoers. We as a society have reached our capacity on our electrical grids. Being so reliant on electricity to run all of our new technological devices it sounds like a rather simple idea on how to bring down a modern day society. Cut the electric off. Talk about being thrown back into the early 1800’s real quick. As our thirst for electricity increases and our infrastructure fails to keep pace with demand we will be ultimately be forced to live like the pre-electric 1800’s era people. We as species have become very sedentary and non motile with all of our technological devices that make our lives easier but less interactive. The price we pay as a society will be enormous. Instead of trying to make our lives easier we should be developing ways to make the species as a whole more adaptative to new technology without losing the human interaction. (Technology Reliance) Maybe when it is all said and done we should have taken some meaningful advise from our Amish brother and sisters. According to an article by James Surowiecki of Technology Review â€Å"Amish people are less likely to have depression and are consistently happier than the rest of society. This is partly due to the strong community ties ,stable families and unchanging faith. Not believing in modern technology such as the Amish people believe made for reliance on there fellow man instead of a Blackberry. Towns would get together and build houses for the residents and providing what was needed to maintain a fruitful happy life. (Surowiecki) The Amish people make for a strong argument that technology does not have to be over relied upon. In conclusion, technology as we know and understand it is always compounding on itself. We as a society need to embrace the advancements of our great inventors but never forget the process it took to get that point. Technology without education is pointless. We can overcome this dilemma by not letting education standards go by the wayside while our technology races to infinity. Works Cited Page Marcellus, Jill. â€Å"Misled by GPS, Careless Drivers Reveal Dangers of Over-Reliance on Technology.† 30 July 2009. finding Dulcinea. . Mcphilson, Susan. National Public Radio. 28 July 2010. . Surowiecki, James. Technological Reveiw (2010). Technology Reliance. 6 July 2010. Trembly, Ara C. â€Å"Over Reliance on Technology is an Ever-Present Danger.† 18 August 2009: 2.

History of Easter Bunny in Canada

History of Easter Bunny in Canada Introduction Easter bunnies are very common in Canada during Easter. As the parents celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ, children enjoy the Easter bunny gifts, â€Å"egg search,† and â€Å"egg roll† games during Easter (New moon rabbit rescue 2012). However, it is not clear if people know the exact meaning of all the actions that take place during the Easter celebrations in Canada.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Easter Bunny in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will give a thorough exploration of the Easter bunny in Canada. It will give the symbolic meanings of the bunny and its eggs, and the historic aspect of all the actions that occur during Easter celebrations in Canada. History of the Easter bunny Easter bunny is pre-Christian folklore that involved rabbits and hares. The two animals were associated with eggs that are fertility symbols. Ancient Canadians related Easter bunnies to a goddess of spring and fertility. Therefore, Easter bunnies played a significant role in the rebirth of spring in April. It is clear that rabbits do not lay eggs; however, the Canadian folklore had an unusual notion that rabbits could lay eggs that had a symbolic meaning and hide the eggs in the gardens. The colored eggs coincided with the blooming flowers during spring. Canadians associated the hares that could reproduce without losing their virginity with the Virgin Mary who conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit. The shape of an eggshell resembles a stone of a tomb. Therefore, the fact that a bird hatches from an egg with life is similar to the resurrection of Jesus from the tomb. Jesus’ resurrection is a clear indication that there is eternal life for true believers. In 325 A.D., Emperor Constantine ordered that Christians must celebrate Easter between 22 March and 25 April of every year, and the Canadians adopted the culture. The first egg- laying rabbit emerged during the 1700s, and the Catholics were engrossed with the colored eggs. At the commencement of the Ash Wednesday, eggs were forbidden. Canadian Catholics could not take eggs during the Fast Lenten period. After fasting for the 40 days before Easter, the Catholics ought to take a heavy breakfast. During this period, the Catholics thought it would be wise to eat the colored eggs in addition to other energy giving meals that would provide them with the liveliness to celebrate for the whole day.Advertising Looking for research paper on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditional believes about the Easter bunny Just as Santa Claus judges whether children are good or bad during Christmas, the Easter bunny evaluates the obedience levels of children during Easter. According to the legend, the bunny carries colored eggs, candies, and toys in a basket and rewards obedient children in the night b efore Easter. In Canada, the Easter bunny folklore plays a great role in reshaping the character traits of notorious children. The parents threaten the children that the Easter Bunny would punish them if they do not change their ill characters. Good mannered children anticipate receiving chocolate bunnies and buddies during Easter. Diligent Canadian parents always promise Easter bunny treats to children who have extemporary performance in schools, which brings the motivation to work hard. The Easter bunny Canadians recognize rabbits and hares as the Easter bunnies. Rabbits and hares are related, but the hares have long hind legs and small ears. Rabbits are some of the animals with the highest reproduction capacity; therefore, they symbolize the reproductive spring season (â€Å"Holidays,† 2014). Spring is a season associated with the rebirth of vegetation, which survives until it is withered by the strong summer rays. In ancient days, a Canadian who bumped into a rabbitâ€⠄¢s foot would have high sexual potency, good luck, and financial prosperity. The Easter bunny was the main egg supplier in the ancient days. To catch the attention of the Easter bunnies, children would build attractive nests for the bunny. Boys used their caps to build their nests, which they hid in secluded places. Similarly, the girls used their bonnets to construct the nests and hide them in the gardens for the bunny to place the colored eggs. The children would then summon the rabbit through whistles and charmed recitations to have the eggs. Essentially, the children believed that the Easter bunny was able to distinguish the good children from the bad ones, and only the good children would receive the colored eggs as gifts. Moreover, godparents, who were very common in Canada, would always reward their godchildren with decorated eggs as a symbol of blessings. The Easter egg Religious scholars indicate that the ancient Canadian believers thought that the world was an egg, which broke into two to bring everything that exists. The believers supported their hypothesis by the fact that almost every creature on earth came into being because of some fertilized egg. Therefore, the egg is an immortal symbol that plays a great role in guaranteeing the existence of forthcoming generations (Ternieden, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Easter Bunny in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bunny is believed to have carried the eggs in a basket while distributing the eggs to the obedient children. The basket has a symbolic meaning of life, as it was able to save the life of Moses. Although baskets are not weighty, they are strong enough to carry heavy things that are useful in one way or another. Coloring the eggs was a way of keeping the evil spirits away. Therefore, painting the eggs would always help in convincing the evil spirits to depart from a person and stop bringi ng bad luck. The prettily painted eggs would attract the hallowed spirits that would bring good luck. The common jellybeans in Canada during Easter represent the ancient bunny eggs. Initially, the jellybeans were soft and chewy. However, the manufacturers have added a sugar shell coating on the jellybeans to add flavor. Currently, the jellybeans come in different sizes, colors, and different flavors to meet the demands of the consumers in the contemporary world. Easter in Canada In Canada, the Easter celebrations are highly respected, and the country has a federal statutory holiday during the period. Essentially, the holiday commences on Good Friday and proceeds to Easter Sunday and Easter Monday. Canadians celebrate Easter on the first Sunday after seeing the full moon. The earliest date during which the full moon can appear is 22 March, and the latest date is 25 April. The full moon marks the beginning of Easter where Christians mourn on Good Friday because of the death of Christ, and they celebrate on Easter Sunday as Jesus resurrects. Although people celebrate Christmas more than they celebrate the Easter holidays, strong Christians will always consider Easter as more important than Christmas as Easter proofs that Jesus overcame death. Christians fast for 40 days during the lent period just like Jesus fasted. Satan had the privilege of tempting Jesus, and in the same manner, Christians are tempted to sin and give up on the wearisome lent period. Easter comes after the lent period of prayer, repentance, and fasting. During the lent period, Canadian believers can be tempted to consume banned eggs. Commercialization of the Easter bunny Lately, Canadians have commercialized the Easter holidays. Businesspersons have always identified the Easter Holidays as periods during which they can sell tons of chocolates in the form of Easter eggs and Easter bunnies. Painters also make massive profits by painting egg carvings and selling them during Easter. Jellybeans mold s, baskets, and marshmallow chicks are very popular in retail stores at the commencement of the spring season.Advertising Looking for research paper on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sure enough, the purchases of such items are very high during that season. Some people opt to buy pet bunnies to carry the joy of the Easter bunnies to their homes. Majority of the Canadian parents find fun in purchasing egg paint kits and doing the paintings with their children, while others dye hard-boiled eggs using beet juice. During this period, petting zoos become popular, and children have the opportunity to feed bunnies and play around with them. Interestingly, the Black children experienced some form of segregation, which leads to the creation of the national zoos in Canada. While the White children played the egg roll game while at the White House, the Black children mourned because the White House was a restricted zone for the Black children. The famous national zoos in Canada were built to compensate for the segregations of the black children. Currently, there is numerous jewelry made to resemble the Easter Bunnies and Easter eggs. Sculptures and carvings are common in m any religious buildings across Canada to represent the Easter bunnies. The eggs are carved with names of the beholders, the commemoration dates, and some favorite bible verses. The sculptures have different designs, depending on the desires of the owner. Family get-togethers and massive celebrations during the Easter weekend mark the climax of the Easter bunny holidays in Canada. Families find it worthwhile to reward their relatives with sculptures, carvings, and all kinds of gifts that have some resemblance of the Easter bunnies and eggs. In ancient days, the decorated Easter eggs were presented as gifts to the proprietors, pastors, bell-ringers, lovers, and even to the gravediggers. Therefore, the culture of presenting jellybeans as gifts in the contemporary world has some ancient history. Ancient children felt most appreciated when rewarded with the decorated eggs just as the current children feel great when prized with chocolate jellybeans and rabbits. Interestingly, chocolate r abbits are very common during Easter celebrations in Canada, and the Easter bunny obligates the children to eat the ears first before proceeding to the rest of the body. Commemorates of the Easter bunny Many Canadians strive to employ all strategies to sustain the Easter memories in their children. The commonest hide and seek game plays a great role in commemorating Easter. Mostly, children visit their grandparents to have family get-together moments. At that time, the numerous grandchildren have a good time playing and socializing with one another. On the night before Easter, the parents and the children decorate hard-boiled eggs. Older kids display the skills gained in the previous season, while the young kids learn new skills of decorating the eggs. The children also have the opportunity to listen to tales of the Easter bunnies from their grandparents. When the children have gone to sleep, the â€Å"Easter Bunny† hides the decorated eggs and chocolate eggs all over the com pound. In the morning, children search for the eggs and collect them in a basket. The child who manages to collect more eggs than the others do emerges as the winner. The grandparents would then prepare egg salad sandwiches for their grandchildren before they depart for their homes. The whole scenario brings so much fun to the children who will long for the subsequent Easter holiday. The entire scenario that is very common in Canada keeps the culture ongoing as every generation has an opportunity to have a contemporary overview of the Easter bunny. Some parents who do not have an opportunity to take their children to their grandparents â€Å"roll eggs† with their children. The parents set up the game in a ramp, and they give some few eggs to every child. Every player would have an opportunity to roll the eggs down the ramp. Due to the oval shape of the egg, the eggs roll in a curvy way as they go downwards. The whole aim of the game is hitting another player’s egg and owning it. The child who manages to hit as many eggs as possible emerges as the winner. Moreover, the owner of the last intact egg is guaranteed a championship reward. Essentially, the Canadians associate the egg rolling game with the resurrection of Jesus Christ. They associate the emergence of the rabbit from its burrow with the rising of Christ from the tomb on the Easter Sunday, whereas, the rolling eggs represent the rolling of the stone that covered Jesus’ tomb. Easter bunnies and Easter eggs in the contemporary world In the ancient days, Canadians used dyed and painted hard-boiled chicken eggs during Easter. However, in the contemporary world, people have adopted the custom of substituting chicken eggs with chocolate and plastic eggs. Some Christians dye their Easter eggs with red color to recognize the blood that Jesus Christ shed on the cross. Green decorations represent the new plantations at the onset of spring. An egg painted in white represents purity that is obt ained after the repentance and forgiveness of sins. Yellow is a color that portrays the glowing sunlight that is experienced on the onset of the spring season. Purple-colored eggs symbolize the union of love as people repent with much pain. Essentially, Canadian Christians recognize purple as a royal color, as priests wear purple robes during Easter to display their nobility. For unknown reasons, purple dye was extremely expensive in ancient days. While the other dyes were affordable to ordinary Canadians, only the kings, priests, and the wealthy people could afford to buy the purple dye. Conclusion As evident from the discussions, every happening in the contemporary world has some history. Indeed, every action that Christians do during the Easter celebrations in Canada has some meaning behind it. The rabbits and their symbolic eggs have played a great role in maintaining the Christians’ believes. Moreover, the games associated with the bunny and the eggs play a great role in commemorating Easter and bringing fun to the children. Easter Sunday has always been a joyous celebration in Canada, and the celebration is likely to undergo several evolutions in the forthcoming generations. References Holidays: What do rabbits, chickens, and the moon have in common? Easter. (2014). Canadian Newcomer Magazine. Web. New moon rabbit rescue, Canada: Rabbits for Easter. (2012). Web. Ternieden, J. (2012). Why eggs and bunnies represent Easter. Web.

Family values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family values - Essay Example I also believe that the non-existence of corporal punishment will enhance changes in my daughter, including social or other aspects in her life. Therefore, in my decision not to incorporate corporal punishment norms as a consequence of development within the boundaries of raising a child, there is always a necessity for me to systematize the procedure of teaching by example for my daughter. It is a known idea that teaching by example has an impact on behavior rather than the outputs of a child. But nevertheless, as an end-result of my efficient ideals on raising children, belief and acceptance of the holistic development of my daughter is always easy and worry-free. On the other hand, I was raised in a family where corporal punishment existed and where I was rarely given a chance. In order to optimize my development, my parents always controlled my academic learning with great knowledge and effectiveness. However, I was seldom enabled to be participative in doing work-based choices to further improve my decision-making skills and capabilities. I can say that the inappropriately implemented and my dysfunctional participation within my family failed to improve my productivity. Likewise, the existence of corporal punishment within our family instilled more fear on me than learning. With the existence of consistent threats, the imbalance of outputs and my incomplete development paved the way for me to reverse the situation in raising my daughter. For example, the objective to develop the proper attitudes and behavior of my daughter in order to guarantee her development and necessary growth includes me teaching by example in order for her to follow in the midst of confusion. My ideals and dedication to teach my daughter with the proper ideals to guarantee her good upbringing are always in my mind and is fortunately being managed well by my daughter. The change, formulation, inspiration, improvement and empowerment of my daughter significantly rely on my proper upbringing and child-raising ideals. To my Teen-aged Daughter: I am writing to you a letter to share to you my ideas with regards to the statement that, "Family values change as society changes. As a result, ideas about how children should be raised change." You are my only daughter and you know I was raised in a family of six. I have many ideals about raising children, but the two that stand out the most and what I used to bring you up include no threats and never degrading you. You and I know that majority of the triumphant activities that you have rely tremendously on the excellent interpersonal interaction and relationship that both you and I have. I am always bounded with a unified objective of not to threaten nor degrade you, that's why I realized that the control of your developments as a teen-ager must be always coordinated with the individuals that will help you succeed and will never degrade you during the hardest times. I believe my effort in discussing with you my objective of not threatening or degrading you as part of your development under guidance is always important. Interaction is the highly recommended way that we always use. Obtaining my trust and your trust and managing a smooth parent-child relationship is always a critical factor to your holistic development, and

Module title Construction of race in polotics Essay

Module title Construction of race in polotics - Essay Example because all the really big questions had been settled."1 Fukuyama concludes that this does not "mean that the natural cycle of birth, life, death would end, that important events would no longer happen," but rather, "that there would be no further progress in the development of underlying principles and institutions, because all the really big questions had been settled."2 Samuel B Huntington responded that the really biggest question had yet to be debated. â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† is the issue that will be the big question in the future. Huntington asserts that,â€Å"the great. divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural.† He acknowledges that â€Å"nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs,† but in future their conflicts will â€Å"occur between nations and groups of civilizations†. Following from these assumptions he concludes that â€Å"the fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.†3 Fukuyama took the very narrow view that the end of the struggle between between capitalism/liberal-democracy and communism/command economy was over with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and that that was the defining conflict of the evolution of human society. It is either a hyperbolic or a foolish suggestion. Huntington proposes that the epic struggle of the twentieth century has imply been displaced by this centurys theme, the clash and conflict between rival cultures. â€Å"A civilization is a cultural entity, â€Å" Huntington writes.4 It is a meta-entity, â€Å"the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species.†5 The taxonomy of civilizations takes into consideration history, language, culture, tradition and, most important, religion. Huntington also points out that there is an objective and a subjective aspect to civilizations. The objective elements of society are the five